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Tag: WW2

NAGASAKI: The Last Witnesses by M. G. Sheftall

The second volume in a prize-worthy two-book series based on years of irreplicable personal interviews with survivors about each of the atomic bomb drops, first in Hiroshima and then Nagasaki, that hastened the end of the Pacific War.
On August 6, 1945, the United States unleashed a weapon unlike anything the world had ever seen. Then, just three days later, when Japan showed no sign of surrender, the United States took aim at Nagasaki.
Rendered in harrowing detail, this historical narrative is the second and final volume in M. G. Sheftall’s “Embers” series.  Sheftall has spent years personally interviewing hibakusha—the Japanese word for atomic bomb survivors. These last living witnesses are a vanishing memory resource, the only people who can still provide us with reliable and detailed testimony about life in their cities before the use of nuclear weaponry.
The result is an intimate, firsthand account of life in Nagasaki, and the story of incomprehensible devastation and resilience in the aftermath of the second atomic bomb drop. This blow-by-blow account takes us from the city streets, as word of the attack on Hiroshima reaches civilians, to the cockpit of Bockscar, when Charles Sweeney dropped “Fat Man,”  to the interminable six days while the world waited to see if Japan would surrender to the Allies–or if more bombs would fall.

Thanks to the publisher and NetGalley for this review copy!

History hums through the quiet aftermath — Nagasaki: The Last Witnesses is less about the blast and more about the echo.

In Nagasaki, M.G. Sheftall delivers a haunting, meticulously layered follow-up to his earlier masterpiece Hiroshima. Where Hiroshima explored the moment the world split open, Nagasaki lingers in the silence that followed — the echoing questions, the invisible scars, and the resilience of a city often overshadowed in collective memory.

The author returns to familiar ground but digs even deeper, tracing not only what happened on that fateful August day but what lingered afterward — in the ruins, in the hearts of survivors, and in the uneasy quiet of a city learning to live again.

I adored Hiroshima, and I couldn’t wait to see where Sheftall would take us next. Nagasaki feels like a companion piece, yes, but also its own living, breathing entity — one that insists we remember what came after the explosion. Hiroshima often dominates the public consciousness, but Nagasaki’s story has always felt like the quieter, forgotten sibling. The bomb itself was different, and so were the circumstances surrounding it. Sheftall doesn’t let that difference fade into footnotes; he gives Nagasaki the depth and dignity it deserves.

Sheftall’s prose is articulate and immersive, blending his historian’s precision with a novelist’s empathy. Every street corner, every ruined fragment of the city feels alive with the weight of what came before. His gift lies in how he builds atmosphere through meticulous context: you don’t just read about Nagasaki, you walk its hills, smell the ash and salt air, and hear the hum of life returning to a place once unthinkably devastated. This gifted author paints with history — not just describing the facts but creating atmosphere through sensory detail and emotional nuance. I could almost feel the humid summer air and hear the faint murmur of life trying to return amid devastation. The city becomes a character in its own right: scarred, defiant, and enduring.

Nagasaki’s children were born into a world where they had never known peace; war was the only constant. What strikes me most is how quickly the extraordinary became ordinary — how easily childhood was reshaped into service, obedience, and survival.

As the author writes, “In October 1943, as the war steadily drained the nation’s supply of prime working-age men, the Japanese government cancelled classroom instruction for all formerly draft-deferrable male college students… In April 1944… the classroom cancellations were extended to every child in the country 15 years or older… Three months after this edict… the war labor mobilization age was dropped again to 12.”

By then, innocence itself had been conscripted. “On campus and under direct teacher supervision, the youngest students — the 12 to 13-year-old first graders — did unpaid ‘volunteer’ war work, tending vegetable patches on the school grounds or assembling cartridge magazines for machine guns in the school workshop.”

Even the sanctity of home life dissolved under the weight of war. “There was even a maid’s bedroom, although this was redundant in 1945 Japan; the nation’s domestic servants had long since been hauled away to work in war plants, giving Michiko’s mother dishpan hands for the first time in history.”

And while Nagasaki itself remained physically untouched for much of the war, scarcity gnawed at daily life: “…the most immediately dire of which was food.” Families hovered “at or just above the lowest level of Maslow’s pyramid, their lives increasingly focused on desperate efforts to find food and a dwindling ability to enjoy what was found when these efforts succeeded.”

While Hiroshima dominates the historical and literary landscape, Sheftall reminds us that Nagasaki’s story is equally vital — and uniquely complex. The different type of bomb dropped there, and the distinct cultural, political, and geographic circumstances surrounding it, make this account essential reading for anyone who believes history deserves its full breadth.

Sheftall doesn’t sensationalize; he illuminates. He brings forward the voices too often drowned out — the survivors, the scientists, the ordinary citizens whose days began like any other and ended in unrecognizable worlds. His narrative choices carry a quiet reverence, and his structure mirrors the slow, painful rebuilding of identity and faith after catastrophe.

What I love most about Sheftall’s approach is that he doesn’t write tragedy for shock value. He writes to reconnect us to empathy — to remind us that history isn’t static. It breathes through those who lived it, and through those of us who bear witness now.

Nagasaki is not a retelling of horror for its own sake. It’s a study of endurance, humanity, and the way memory bends but does not break. It stands as both a necessary companion and a powerful standalone testament — reminding us that the aftermath can be just as defining as the event itself.

In a literary landscape where Hiroshima has long held the spotlight, Sheftall’s Nagasaki steps forward not to compete, but to complete the story.

Nagasaki is not an easy book, but it’s an essential one. It asks for your attention and your compassion in equal measure. And when you close the final page, you carry the echo with you — quiet, resonant, and unforgettable.

For anyone who thought the story ended with Hiroshima, M.G. Sheftall gently, powerfully reminds us: it didn’t.

You can grab it here and walk the streets of Nagasaki for yourself. It’s an experience that lingers long after the last page.

 

HIROSHIMA – THE LAST WITNESSES by M.G. Sheftall

The first volume in a two-book series about each of the atomic bomb drops that ended the Pacific War based on years of irreplicable personal interviews with survivors to tell a story of devastation and resilience

In this vividly rendered historical narrative, M. G. Sheftall layers the stories of hibakusha—the Japanese word for atomic bomb survivors—in harrowing detail, to give a minute-by-minute report of August 6, 1945, in the leadup and aftermath of the world-changing bombing mission of Paul Tibbets, Enola Gay, and Little Boy. These survivors and witnesses, who now have an average age over ninety years old, are quite literally the last people who can still provide us with reliable and detailed testimony about life in their cities before the bombings, tell us what they experienced on the day those cities were obliterated, and give us some appreciation of what it has entailed to live with those memories and scars during the subsequent seventy-plus years.

Sheftall has spent years personally interviewing survivors who lived well into the twenty-first century, allowing him to construct portraits of what Hiroshima was like before the bomb, and how catastrophically its citizens’ lives changed in the seconds, minutes, days, weeks, months, and years afterward. He stands out among historians due to his fluency in spoken and written Japanese, and his longtime immersion in Japanese society that has allowed him, a white American, the unheard-of access to these atomic bomb survivors in the waning years of their lives. Their trust in him is evident in the personal and traumatic depths they open up for him as he records their stories.

Hiroshima should be required reading for the modern age. The personal accounts it contains will serve as cautionary tales about the horror and insanity of nuclear warfare, reminding them—it is hoped—that the world still lives with this danger at our doorstep.

 

Thanks to NetGalley and the publisher for this review copy!

M.G. Sheftall’s HIROSHIMA offers a riveting and compassionate account of one of the 20th century’s  most significant, devastating, and tragic events: the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. By meticulously blending historical research with the intimate testimonies of survivors, the book offers a harrowing and unforgettable account of the devastation, suffering, and resilience of the Japanese people.

The book delves deep into the firsthand experiences of the hibakusha, the survivors of the atomic bomb. Their stories are raw and unfiltered, offering a visceral glimpse into the horrors they endured. From the initial flash of light and the deafening blast to the long-term effects of radiation sickness, Sheftall captures the physical and psychological toll of the catastrophe.

“Survivors guilt” was legion. Sixteen-year-old hibakusha were ashamed of the fact of their own survival when almost all of their classmates were killed. This shame shadowed them their whole lives, even permeating the unveiling of a Hiroshima memorial on August 6th, 1948. Bereaved parents shot hateful looks at those who had dared to live, even confronting them to ask, “Why are you alive, when my daughter is dead?” Survivors were also ashamed that they did not die as a martyr for the Imperial Empire.

Sheftall’s writing is compassionate, informative, professionally researched and meticulously crafted. He provides historical context while also allowing the survivors’ voices to take center stage, leaving a lasting impression on readers.

The strength of Sheftall’s work lies in its deep exploration of the human experience in the face of incomprehensible destruction. The narrative weaves together first-hand accounts from hibakusha, ordinary citizens, and military personnel, showing how the bomb shattered lives, cultures, and the human psyche. Sheftall demonstrates not only the immediate impact of the bomb but also its lasting effects on individuals, their communities, and even the identity of Japan as a nation.

The Japanese mindset before and during wartime was one of brainwashing and stoicism. To die for the cause and support of the Emperor and Imperialism was ingrained in every boy and girl, starting as soon as they were able to walk and talk. The collective was greater than the individual, and this was accepted without a second thought. During WW2, both boys and girls were part of the war machine, grinding away day and night. As the boys were being educated on kamikaze training, the girls were working in factories recycling worn uniforms (stitching up bullet holes and washing blood out) so they could be worn again by more hapless but devoted soldiers) or sent to the Japan Steel munitions plant to help create ordnance. Bear in mind, these poor souls were barely teenagers – working in a factory setting that was both rigorous and dangerous. The girls considered too immature to endure the demands of factory labor were required to perform unskilled volunteer jobs such as farm work, participating in scrap metal drives, digging trenches, or working at firebreak sites. These tasks were just as dangerous as factory work. However, the hive mind kept all the girls moving forward without a second thought as to personal injury or worse, introspection (questioning why all this backbreaking labor had to be done, or wishing for a simple life spent giggling with friends or having free time).

Sheftall avoids sensationalism and instead focuses on the individual stories of the survivors. We learn about their hopes, dreams, and aspirations before the bombing, then feel their fear, shock, and suffering in the immediate days after the bombing. Finally, we realize the challenges they faced in rebuilding their lives afterward. The book is a powerful reminder that behind every statistic is a human being with a unique story to tell.

Sheftall also explores the far-reaching social and geopolitical implications of the atomic bombing, explaining the political and military factors that led to the bombing, without losing sight of the human toll. He examines the Japanese government’s response to the disaster, the international reaction, and the long-term effects of radiation on the environment and public health. He also raises important questions about the ethics of nuclear weapons and the dangers of nuclear proliferation.

While HIROSHIMA is a powerful and necessary read, some readers might find the detailed historical and military analysis at times overwhelming. However, this does not detract from the overall impact of the book. It enriches the reader’s understanding of the broader context in which the bombing took place, contributing to a more nuanced comprehension of the event.

M.G. Sheftall’s writing is inspired by a deep fascination with Japanese culture and history, particularly with the events surrounding World War II and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As a long-time resident of Japan and a scholar specializing in Japanese history and society, Sheftall’s interest grew from personal encounters with the stories of the hibakusha. Their experiences, combined with the overarching impact of the atomic bomb on Japanese society, motivated him to give voice to the survivors’ stories in a way that blends historical context with personal narratives. Sheftall’s writing is empathetic and precise, capturing the profound human impact while maintaining scholarly rigor.

The author has previously explored the human dimensions of war, as seen in his earlier work, BLOSSOMS IN THE WIND, where he examined the experiences of Japanese kamikaze pilots. His continued exploration of the human cost of war is a driving force behind HIROSHIMA. Sheftall was inspired not just by a desire to document history, but also to foster empathy and understanding by illuminating the personal suffering that often gets lost in larger historical narratives. By focusing on individual experiences, Sheftall seeks to convey the full scope of the tragedy and its long-lasting impact on both individuals and society at large.

Hiroshima is remembered as one of the most devastating events in human history, symbolizing the horrors of nuclear warfare and the profound suffering caused by the atomic bomb dropped on August 6, 1945. Its memory is preserved in numerous ways, each reflecting different aspects of the tragedy and its broader implications.

The city stands as a stark reminder of the destructive power of nuclear weapons. The city’s complete devastation within seconds, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 140,000 people by the end of 1945, makes it a powerful symbol in the global conversation about nuclear disarmament. The memory of Hiroshima fuels ongoing movements advocating for peace and the abolition of nuclear weapons, led by organizations such as the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and global anti-nuclear groups.

Hiroshima is commemorated annually through ceremonies at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which includes the iconic Atomic Bomb Dome, one of the few structures left standing near the hypocenter of the blast. The park also features the Cenotaph for the A-bomb Victims, and its Flame of Peace will burn until the world is free of nuclear weapons. These physical landmarks serve as enduring reminders of the tragedy and as focal points for reflection and mourning.

The bombing of Hiroshima is remembered through various forms of art, literature, film, and music. Books such as John Hersey’s HIROSHIMA and later works, including M.G. Sheftall’s own contributions, help to ensure the event is documented and understood by future generations. Films like Grave of the Fireflies and Barefoot Gen portray the emotional and human cost of the bombing.

Every year, on August 6, Hiroshima holds a solemn Peace Memorial Ceremony. The event includes a moment of silence at 8:15 AM, the exact time the bomb was dropped. The ceremony draws attendees from around the world and serves as a global moment of reflection on the consequences of nuclear warfare, aiming to renew commitments to peace.

The 2024 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Nihon Hidankyo (The Japanese Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organization). This underscores both the call to peace and continuing to remember those whose lives were forever changed by this unspeakable tragedy.

In all these ways, Hiroshima is remembered as a tragedy that transformed the global understanding of warfare, leaving a legacy that continues to shape both personal and collective memory. It is a call to never forget the consequences of nuclear weapons and to work toward a world where such destruction is never repeated.

This book  is a poignant and essential contribution to the literature of World War II, as well  as a testament to the human spirit and the power of resilience, even in the face of unimaginable suffering. The book offers a respectful reminder of the horrors of nuclear warfare, and it compels readers to reflect on the far-reaching consequences of violence and war. Sheftall’s skillful blend of historical narrative and personal testimonies makes this book a must-read for anyone interested in history, ethics, and the profound impact of war on humanity. It is also an imperative for historians, students, and anyone seeking to understand the true cost of conflict.

Want  your own copy? You can pick it up here.

The Fantastic Laboratory of Dr Weigl by Arthur Allen

fantastic laboratory

The subtitle of this book is “How two brave scientists battled typhus and sabotaged the Nazis”. Those scientists are Polish zoologist Rudolf Weigl, an unsung and mostly forgotten hero of WW2, and Ludwig Fleck, a Jewish immunologist. Both men were condemned to Buchenwald and commanded by the Nazis to concoct a vaccine against typhus, a disease equated with Jews and feared more than almost anything else.

Typhus is spread by lice, and to create this vaccine it had to be obtained from live lice, that were nourished by inmates of the concentration camp. Originally there were lice that didn’t carry typhus, and so they were given the disease, allowed to feed on human blood, and then they were sacrificed and their intestines removed and made into a kind of slurry. That’s the basic way, I suppose. However, it’s not that easy to do; but these brave men in the lab convinced the Nazis that they DID make a vaccine. And they did! Thousands of doses were sent up to Germans at the front. Those vaccines didn’t prevent anything. The small batches of protective vaccines were secretly distributed at the camps to prisoners. Gutsy!

This book has everything: stories of how Jews were abused, scientific theory, intrigue (will the lying scientists get caught?) and morality (some medical personnel felt that creating a fake vaccine went against their “do no harm” tenet and wanted to truly protect the Nazis against typhus).

Sprinkled throughout the book are tidbits of Nazi behavior, such as “The camp commander, Fritz Gebauer, was generally mild-mannered but occasionally needed to strangle a woman, an action that produced a state of red-faced passion.” That is a sentence that is hard to top. Any Holocaust deniers out there: read this book. There is NO WAY that all this was made up. Realize this now.

While I read this book, I kept thinking that the Nazis weren’t really all that gullible, were they? Apparently so. They were more interested in abusing the prisoners than checking on the scientific methods being used. The political intrigue and back stabbing gets convoluted as former enemies become friends, and vice versa.

I did learn a lot about typhus, which is always a plus for me. Give me plague and pestilence and I’m a happy camper. I also marveled at the resilience and strength of the prisoners and displaced Polish Jews of the story. Time after time I shook my head in amazement after finishing a gory paragraph or three.

This book explains an important and mostly unknown back story of WW2, and I feel better for having read it. The resilience of the human spirit is truly wonderful.

You can get a copy of your own here!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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